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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Erdős–Mordell inequality ： ウィキペディア英語版 Erdős–Mordell inequality ] In Euclidean geometry, the Erdős–Mordell inequality states that for any triangle ''ABC'' and point ''P'' inside ''ABC'', the sum of the distances from ''P'' to the sides is less than or equal to half of the sum of the distances from ''P'' to the vertices. It is named after Paul Erdős and Louis Mordell. posed the problem of proving the inequality; a proof was provided two years later by . This solution was however not very elementary. Subsequent simpler proofs were then found by , , and . In absolute geometry, the Erdős–Mordell inequality is equivalent to the statement that the sum of the angles of a triangle is at most 2$\backslash pi$ . Barrow's inequality is a strengthened version of the Erdős–Mordell inequality in which the distances from ''P'' to the sides are replaced by the distances from ''P'' to the points where the angle bisectors of ∠''APB'', ∠''BPC'', and ∠''CPA'' cross the sides. Although the replaced distances are longer, their sum is still less than or equal to half the sum of the distances to the vertices. == Proof == Let the sides of ABC be ''a'' opposite A, ''b'' opposite B, and ''c'' opposite C; also let PA = ''p'', PB = ''q'', PC = ''r'', dist(P;BC) = ''x'', dist(P;CA) = ''y'', dist(P;AB) = ''z''. First, we prove that :$cr\backslash geq\; ax+by.$ This is equivalent to :$\backslash frac2\backslash geq\; \backslash frac2.$ The right side is the area of triangle ABC, but on the left side, ''r'' + ''z'' is at least the height of the triangle; consequently, the left side cannot be smaller than the right side. Now reflect P on the angle bisector at C. We find that ''cr'' ≥ ''ay'' + ''bx'' for P's reflection. Similarly, ''bq'' ≥ ''az'' + ''cx'' and ''ap'' ≥ ''bz'' + ''cy''. We solve these inequalities for ''r'', ''q'', and ''p'': :$r\backslash geq\; (a/c)y+(b/c)x,$ :$q\backslash geq\; (a/b)z+(c/b)x,$ :$p\backslash geq\; (b/a)z+(c/a)y.$ Adding the three up, we get :$$ p + q + r \geq \left( \frac + \frac \right) x + \left( \frac + \frac \right) y + \left( \frac + \frac \right) z. Since the sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is at least 2, we are finished. Equality holds only for the equilateral triangle, where P is its centroid. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erdős–Mordell inequality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.